DEU:Englisch:toughies

Info


Name des Wortschatzes	toughies
Sprache 1	tough
Sprache 2	Deutsch
Inhalt	'
Kommentar
Fremdsprache / Sachgebiet	Englisch
Sprache der Zielgruppe	Deutsch
Quelle
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Abschnitt 1

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
many-splendoured	full of magnificent features or marvels
~	~	spring is a many-splendoured season
mock-up	a model or replica of a machine or structure, used for instructional or experimental purposes
~	~	a mock-up of a steam locomotive cab
tantamount to	equivalent in seriousness to; virtually the same as
~	~	the resignations were tantamount to an admission of guilt
hotchpotch	{[in singular]} a confused mixture
~	~	a hotchpotch of uncoordinated services
flask	1. a container for liquids // , 2. an extremely strong lead-lined container for transporting or storing radioactive nuclear waste
adherent/adherence (noun)	someone who supports a particular party, person, or set of ideas
~	~	he was a strong adherent of monetarism
adherent (adjective)	sticking fast to an object or surface
~	~	the eggs have thick sticky shells to which debris is often adherent
~	~	any adherent sand grains are easily removed
lustre (noun), lustrous (adjective)	a gentle sheen or soft glow
ardent	very enthusiastic or passionate
insatiable	impossible to satisfy
impetuous	1 acting or done quickly and without thought or care, 2 moving forcefully or rapidly
~	~	1 she might live to rue this impetuous decision
~	~	2 an impetuous but controlled flow of water
dour	relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance
rash	acting or done without careful consideration of the possible consequences
boisterous	noisy, energetic, and cheerful
~	~	a group of boisterous lads
curtail	reduce in extent or quantity // , impose a restriction on
divulge	make known (private or sensitive information)
~	~	I am too much of a gentleman to divulge her age
alleged	to state something as a fact but without giving proof
~	~	the alleged conspirators
apprehensive	anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen
allusive	using or containing suggestion rather than explicit mention
~	~	allusive references to the body
~	~	a highly allusive poet
countenance	1 a person’s face or facial expression, 2 {[mass noun]} support or approval
~	~	1 his impenetrable eyes and inscrutable countenance give little away
~	~	2 she was giving her specific countenance to the occasion
raconteur	a person who tells anecdotes in a skilful and amusing way
misanthropic	having or showing a dislike of other people; unsociable
~	~	a misanthropic drunken loner
~	~	with his misanthropic outlook, he was an ugly character
incisive	1(of a person or mental process) intelligently analytical and clear-thinking, 2(of an action) quick and direct
onus	something that is one’s duty or responsibility
~	~	the onus is on you to show that you have suffered loss
ubiquitous	present, appearing, or found everywhere
~	~	his ubiquitous influence was felt by all the family
~	~	cowboy hats are ubiquitous among the male singers

Abschnitt 2

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
acquiesce	accept something reluctantly but without protest
~	~	Sara acquiesced in his decision
to coerce	persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats
~	~	he was coerced into giving evidence
to condone	accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive)
~	~	the college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs
to congregate	gather into a crowd or mass
~	~	some 4,000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point
scathe	harm; injure
~	~	he was barely scathed
rectify	1 put right; correct
poignant	evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret
~	~	a poignant reminder of the passing of time
occupational hazard	a risk accepted as a consequence of a particular occupation
~	~	visual overload is a necessary occupational hazard of busy art critics
mischievous	1 causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way, 2 (of an action or statement) causing or intended to cause harm or trouble
loot	1 private property taken from an enemy in war, 2 stolen money or valuables, 3 (informal) money
~	~	the rooms were stuffed with the loot from Francis’s expeditions into Italy
insurgent	a person fighting against a government or invading force; a rebel or revolutionary
~	~	an attack by armed insurgents
indulge in	1 allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of sth., 2 become involved in (an activity,_typically one that is undesirable or disapproved of)
to gallivant	go around from one place to another in the pursuit of pleasure or entertainment
~	~	she quit her job to go gallivanting around the globe
feat	an achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength
~	~	the new printing presses were considerable feats of engineering
to endure	1 {[with object]} suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently, 2 {[no object]} remain in existence; last
~	~	1 it seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain
~	~	2 these cities have endured through time
to encompass	1 {[with object]} surround and have or hold within, 2 include comprehensively
~	~	1 this area of London encompasses Piccadilly to the north and St James’s Park to the south
~	~	2 no studies encompass all sectors of medical care
to digress	leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing
~	~	I have digressed a little from my original plan
to delineate	1 describe or portray (something) precisely, 2 indicate the exact position of (a border or boundary)
~	~	1 the law should delineate and prohibit behaviour which is socially abhorrent
~	~	2 his finger found a precisely outlined section delineated in red marker
hapless	unfortunate
~	~	the hapless victims of the disaster
abrasive	1 (of a substance or material) capable of polishing or cleaning a hard surface by rubbing or grinding, 2 showing little concern for the feelings of others; harsh
perilous	full of danger or risk
sly	having or showing a cunning and deceitful nature
~	~	a sly, manipulative woman
cunning	having or showing skill in achieving one’s ends by deceit or evasion, clever
~	~	a cunning look came into his eyes
to assuage	1 make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense, 2 satisfy (an appetite or desire)
~	~	1 the letter assuaged the fears of most members
~	~	2 an opportunity occurred to assuage her desire for knowledge
lenient	(of a punishment or person in authority) more merciful or tolerant than expected
~	~	in the view of the Court the sentence was too lenient
~	~	lenient magistrates

Abschnitt 3

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
to mesmerise	capture the complete attention of (someone)
~	~	they were mesmerized by his story
to leer	look or gaze in a lascivious or unpleasant way
~	~	bystanders were leering at the nude painting
lethargy	a lack of energy and enthusiasm
~	~	there was an air of lethargy about him
piecemeal	done or happening gradually at different times and often in different ways, rather than carefully planned at the beginning
~	~	the village is slowly being killed off by piecemeal development
~	~	many organizations have been built up piecemeal
balmy	characterized by pleasantly warm weather
~	~	the balmy days of late summer
chaff	worthless things; rubbish
~	~	to seperate the wheat from the chaff
to culminate	reach a climax or point of highest development
~	~	weeks of violence culminated in the brutal murder of a magistrate
pasture	1 {[mass noun]} land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep, 2 (pastures) used to refer to a person’s situation in life
profuse	(especially of something offered or discharged) very plentiful; abundant
~	~	I offered my profuse apologies
brink	point at which something, typically something unwelcome, is about to happen
~	~	the country was on the brink of a constitutional crisis
~	~	the club has come close to the brink, surviving winding-up orders
graft	bribery and other corrupt practices used to secure illicit advantages or gains in politics or business
rife with	full of
exonerate someone from sth.	release someone from (a duty or obligation)
~	~	Pope Clement V exonerated the king from his oath to the barons
decree	an official order that has the force of law
~	~	the decree guaranteed freedom of assembly
amid	surrounded by; in the middle of
~	~	our dream home, set amid magnificent rolling countryside
embezzlement	theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one’s trust or belonging to one’s employer
~	~	charges of fraud and embezzlement
surge	a sudden powerful forward or upward movement, especially by a crowd or by a natural force such as the tide
~	~	crowd or by a natural force such as the tide:
thrust	a sudden or violent lunge with a pointed weapon or a bodily part
~	~	he drove the blade upwards with one powerful thrust
(in) vogue	the prevailing fashion or style at a particular time
~	~	the vogue is to make realistic films
~	~	crochet garments are in vogue this season
to deem	regard or consider in a specified way
~	~	the event was deemed a great success
~	~	the strike was deemed to be illegal
paucity	the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities or amounts
~	~	a paucity of information
knee-jerk	(of a response) automatic and unthinking
~	~	a knee-jerk reaction
~	~	knee-jerk radicals
to revamp	give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to
~	~	an attempt to revamp the museum’s image
~	~	a revamped magazine
veil, (to unveil)	a piece of fine material worn by women to protect or conceal the face
diminutive	extremely or unusually small
~	~	a diminutive figure dressed in black

Abschnitt 4

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
putative	generally considered or reputed to be
~	~	the putative father of her children
to emanate (from)	1 (of a feeling,_quality,_or sensation) issue or spread out from (a source), 2 originate from; be produced by
~	~	warmth emanated from the fireplace
~	~	she felt an undeniable charm emanating from him
~	~	the proposals emanated from a committee
to foil	prevent (something considered wrong or undesirable) from succeeding
~	~	a brave policewoman foiled the armed robbery
to defer	put off (an action or event) to a later time; postpone
~	~	they deferred the decision until February
to fortify	1 provide (a place) with defensive works as protection against attack, 2 strengthen (someone) mentally or physically
~	~	the whole town was heavily fortified
~	~	the girl was fortified by her religious faith
to bicker	argue about petty and trivial matters
~	~	couples who bicker over who gets what from the divorce
disdain	the feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one’s consideration or respect
~	~	her upper lip curled in disdain
~	~	an aristocratic disdain for manual labour
to maurad	go 1 about in search of things to steal or people to attack, 2 {[with object]} raid and plunder (a place)
~	~	1 war parties crossed the river to maraud
~	~	2 rapacious bluefish marauded the crab pots
infringement	1 the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation, 2 the action of limiting or undermining something
~	~	copyright infringement
~	~	the infringement of the right to privacy
impediment	a hindrance or obstruction in doing something
~	~	a serious impediment to scientific progress
havoc	widespread destruction
make amends	compensate or make up for a wrongdoing
~	~	try to make amends for the rude way you spoke to Lucy
to augment	make (something) greater by adding to it; increase
~	~	her secretarial work helped to augment her husband’s income
to eschew sth.	deliberately avoid using; abstain from
~	~	he appealed to the crowd to eschew violence
to overhaul sth.	analyse and improve (a system)
frail	(of a person) weak and delicate
~	~	she looked frail and vulnerable
to tantalise	torment or tease (someone) with the sight or promise of something that is unobtainable
~	~	such ambitious questions have long tantalized the world’s best thinkers
Bronco	a wild or half-tamed horse of the western US.
to reciprocate	respond to (a gesture or action) by making a corresponding one
to render sth.	1 provide or give (a service,_help,_etc.), 2 cause to be or become; make
to admonish	reprimand firmly, warn (someone) of something to be avoided, (er)mahnen
~	~	she admonished me for appearing at breakfast unshaven
to exonerate	absolve (someone) from blame for a fault or wrongdoing
~	~	an inquiry exonerated those involved
pariah	outcast
~	~	they were treated as social pariahs
aptitude	a natural ability to do something
~	~	children with an aptitude for painting and drawing
to inundate	overwhelm (someone) with things or people to be dealt with
~	~	we’ve been inundated with complaints from listeners

Abschnitt 5

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
creed	a system of religious belief; a faith
~	~	people of many creeds and cultures
to collude	come to a secret understanding; conspire
~	~	the president accused his opponents of colluding with foreigners
to accentuate	make more noticeable or prominent
~	~	his jacket unfortunately accentuated his paunch
to recuperate sth	recover or regain (something lost or taken)
~	~	they will seek to recuperate the returns that go with investment
dextrous	showing or having skill, especially with the hands
bleat	(of a sheep,_goat,_or calf) make a characteristic weak, wavering cry
acutely XXX	very; very strongly
eke something out	make an amount or supply of something last longer by using or consuming it frugally
~	~	the remains of yesterday’s stew could be eked out to make another meal
contraption	a machine or device that appears strange or unnecessarily complicated, and often badly made or unsafe
~	~	repairing stereos and making contraptions out of spare electronic bits
to deign	do something that one considers to be beneath one’s dignity
~	~	she did not deign to answer the maid’s question
hamartia	a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine
~	~	there’s supposed to be an action that reveals the protagonist’s hamartia
fraught	causing or affected by anxiety or stress
~	~	there was a fraught silence
~	~	she sounded a bit fraught
to tenure someone	give (someone) a permanent post, especially as a teacher or lecturer:
~	~	I had recently been tenured and then promoted to full professor
tenuous	very weak or slight
insurgent	a person fighting against a government or invading force; a rebel or revolutionary
divergent	tending to be different or develop in different directions:
~	~	varieties of English can remain astonishingly divergent from one another
beraved	be deprived of a close relation or friend through their death:
double entendre	doppeldeutig
insipid	lacking flavour; weak or tasteless // , lacking vigour or interest
repudiate sth.	to refuse to accept something
~	~	to refures to accept something
enmity	a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
disparaging	expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory:
~	~	disparaging remarks about council houses
ardent	very enthusiastic or passionate
naught	nothing
flamboyant	(of a person or their behaviour) tending to attract attention because of their exuberance, confidence, and stylishness
~	~	the band’s flamboyant lead singer

Abschnitt 6

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
crummy	dirty, unpleasant, or of poor quality
unperturbed	not perturbed or concerned
irksome	irritating; annoying
saunter	walk in a slow, relaxed manner
affront	an action or remark that causes outrage or offence
~	~	he took his son’s desertion as a personal affront
disquiet	a feeling of worry or unease
zeal	great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or an objective:
~	~	his zeal for privatization
~	~	Laura brought a missionary zeal to her work
recalcitrant	having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline:
~	~	a class of recalcitrant fifteen-year-olds
indolent	wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy
to administer	manage and be responsible for the running of (a business,_organization,_etc.), dispense or apply (a remedy or drug)
~	~	each school was administered separately
~	~	paramedic crews are capable of administering drugs
fraudulent	obtained, done by, or involving deception, especially criminal deception
to concuss	hit the head of (a person or animal), causing them to become temporarily unconscious or confused
baleful	threatening harm; menacing
to alienate	1make (someone) feel isolated or estranged
scurvy	a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by swollen bleeding gums and the opening of previously healed wounds, which particularly affected poorly nourished sailors until the end of the 18th century:
palpable	able to be touched or felt
~	~	the palpable bump at the bridge of the nose
evoke	1bring or recall (a feeling,_memory,_or image) to the conscious mind
~	~	the sight evoked pleasant memories of his childhood
insoluble	1impossible to solve
pedestal	1the base or support on which a statue, obelisk, or column is mounted:
relish	great enjoyment
to proliferate	increase rapidly in number; multiply
~	~	the science fiction magazines which proliferated in the 1920s
to embolden	give (someone) the courage or confidence to do something
~	~	emboldened by the claret, he pressed his knee against hers
to decry	publicly denounce
to render	1 provide or give (a service,_help,_etc.), 2 cause to be or become; make
constituency	a group of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body

Abschnitt 7

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
thud	a dull, heavy sound, such as that made by an object falling to the ground
~	~	my heart is thudding
to galvanize	shock or excite (someone) into taking action
~	~	the urgency of his voice galvanized them into action
awry	away from the usual or expected course; amiss
~	~	many youthful romances go awry
~	~	I got the impression that something was awry
haze	a state of mental confusion:
~	~	an alcoholic haze
nefarious	(typically of an action or activity) wicked or criminal
frenzy	a state or period of uncontrolled excitement or wild behaviour
contemplative	expressing or involving prolonged thought
~	~	she regarded me with a contemplative eye
dwell on/upon	think, speak, or write at length about (a particular subject,_especially one that is a source of unhappiness,_anxiety,_or dissatisfaction)
akin	of similar character
~	~	something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her
~	~	genius and madness are akin
mother hen	a person who sees to the needs of others, especially in a fussy or interfering way
threshold	the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested
impeccable	in accordance with the highest standards; faultless
strife	angry or bitter disagreement over fundamental issues; conflict
prone (to do sth)	1. likely or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something unpleasant or regrettable
prone	2. lying flat, especially face downwards
hostile	showing or feeling opposition or dislike; unfriendly
equanimity	calmness and composure, especially in a difficult situation
galore	in abundance
~	~	there were prizes galore for everything
to revere	feel deep respect or admiration for (something)
~	~	Cézanne’s still lifes were revered by his contemporaries
constipation	a high level of constraint or restriction
brimming	be full to the point of overflowing
black ice	a transparent coating of ice, especially on a road surface
purge of	rid (someone) of an unwanted feeling, memory, or condition
~	~	Bob had helped purge Martha of the terrible guilt that had haunted her
to startle sth.	cause to feel sudden shock or alarm
composed	having one’s feelings and expression under control; calm

Abschnitt 8

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz
brisk	active and energetic
~	~		<!>a good brisk walk</!>
on a shoestring	with a very small amount of money
egotistical	egoistisch
appeal	objection after trial, wanting to change the result
to traduce	say things that are unpleasent/not true
rampant	flourishing or spreading unchecked
slim pickens	means a small amount of anything
nonchalant	feeling or appearing casually calm and relaxed; not displaying anxiety, interest, or enthusiasm
to reconcile	restore friendly relations between, settle
sully	damage the purity or integrity of
~	~	they were outraged that anyone should sully their good name
to press-gang	forcibly enlist (someone) into service in the army or navy
time and tide wait for no man	if you don’t make use of a favourable opportunity, you may never get the same chance again
restitution	the restoration of something lost or stolen to its proper owner
pinnacle	the most successful point; the culmination
to conglomerate	gather together into a compact mass; mixed; accumulate
~	~	atoms which conglomerate at the centre
blimp	1 a pompous, reactionary type of person // , 2 a small airship or barrage balloon
spiel	an elaborate or glib speech or story, typically one used by a salesperson
abet	encourage or assist (someone) to do something wrong, in particular to commit a crime
~	~	he was not guilty of murder, but guilty of aiding and abetting others
eligible	having the right to do or obtain something; satisfying the appropriate conditions
~	~	having the right to do or obtain something; satisfying the appropriate conditions
insinuation	an unpleasant hint or suggestion of something bad
fortitude	courage in pain or adversity
~	~	she endured her illness with great fortitude
belligerent	unfriendly and aggressive;, hostile
ailing	in poor health
~	~	the ailing economy
wind chimes	a decorative arrangement of small pieces of glass, metal, or shell suspended from a frame, typically hung near a door or window so as make a tinkling sound in the draught
to invert	put upside down or in the opposite position, order, or arrangement
~	~	invert the mousse on to a serving plate

Abschnitt 9

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
bravado	a bold manner or a show of boldness intended to impress or intimidate
~	~	he possesses none of the classic wheeler-dealer’s casual bravado
cordial	warm and friendly
cradle	a baby’s bed or cot, typically one mounted on rockers
to stride	walk with long, decisive steps in a specified direction
~	~	we are striding confidently towards the future
~	~	he strode across the road
talk to you later	see you on the flipside
propensity	An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way
~	~	his propensity for violence
efficacy	The ability to produce a desired or intended result
~	~	there is little information on the efficacy of this treatment
teeter on the brink (or edge)	Be very close to a difficult or dangerous situation
~	~	the country teetered on the brink of civil war
inquisitive	Having or showing an interest in learning things; curious
crowbar	Brecheisen
to disembowel	Cut open and remove the internal organs of
~	~	the dinosaur used its claw to disembowel prey
groom	Bräutigam
Glasgow smile	is a wound caused by making small cuts on the corners of a victim's mouth, then beating or stabbing him or her until the muscles in the face contract, causing the cuts to extend up the cheeks to the victim's ears. This leaves a scar in the shape of a smile, hence the name
Colombian necktie, corbata colombiana	victim's throat is slashed horizontally
to extenuate	acting in mitigation to lessen the seriousness of guilt or an offence, abschwächen/beschönigen
quirky	Having or characterized by peculiar or unexpected traits or aspects
~	~	her sense of humour was decidedly quirky
to take the plunge	es wagen, den Schritt tun, den Sprung wagen
abyss	A deep or seemingly bottomless chasm
~	~	a rope led down into the dark abyss
marksman	A person skilled in shooting
cauldron	Kessel
concoction	A mixture of various ingredients or elements, Mischmasch
conglomerate	A thing consisting of a number of different and distinct parts or items that are grouped together, A large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms
Atomausstieg	nuclear phaseout
deference	Polite submission and respect
~	~	he addressed her with the deference due to age
contrivance	invention

Abschnitt 10

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
envoy	A messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission
immane and interwoven	immens und verflechtet
~	~	There is only one holistic system of systems, one vast and immane, interwoven, interacting, multi-variate, multi-national dominion of dollars
inexorable	Impossible to stop or prevent
~	~	The world is a college of corporations, inexorably determined by the immutable by-laws of business
cantankerous	Bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative
loathing	A feeling of intense dislike or disgust; hatred
humour me	To do something for someone, when it seems stupid, explain something, physically do something for specified person...etc..etc
barefaced	showing that you do not care about offending sb or about behaving badly
heap	untidy pile of something; a lot of sth
jacknapes	a person who is rude in an annoying way
bereft	completely lacking sth; having lost sth
exasperate and infuriate	to annoy or irritate sb very much
throttle	strangle
imprecation	a curse
propriety	moral and social behaviour that is considered to be correct and acceptable
excel	to be very good at sth
enthral	if sth enthrals you, it is so interesting, beautiful, etc. that you give it all your attention
deprave	to make sb morally bad
lewd	referring to sex in a rude and offensive way (obscene)
upbraid	to criticise sb or speak angrily to them because you do not approve of sth that they have said or done
detriment	the act of causing harm or damage; sth that causes h or d
sanctity	the state of being very important and worth protecting
give/pay heed	pay careful attention
sway	to move slowly from side to side
enmity	feelings of hatred towards sb
hearken	to listen to sth

Abschnitt 11

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
scorn	contempt
woe	troubles and problems that sb has; misery
in vain	without success
ere	before
ostentation	an exaggerated display of wealth, knowledge or skill
fey	sensitive and rather mysterious or strange; not acting in a very practical way
don't you go on pity patrol	bemitleide mich nicht
hole in the wall	A small dingy bar,_shop,_or restaurant.
i will be there with bells on	Enthusiastically
when push comes to shove	When one must commit oneself to an action or decision
braindrain/braingain	talentschwund durch auswanderung
beggers can't be choosers	selbsterklärend
the straw that broke the camel's back	tropfen, der das fass zum überlaufen bringt
going dutch	jeder zahlt seine eigene rechnung
dreary	that makes you feel sad; dull and not interesting
lethargy	the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things
uncongenial	(of a person) not pleasant or friendly
to slake something	to satisfy a desire
tattered	old and torn; in bad condition
to swoon (over sb)	to feel very excited, emotional, etc. about somebody that you think is sexually attractive, so that you almost become unconscious
inchoation/incohation	a beginning; early stage
temperamental	having a tendency to become angry, excited or upset easily, and to behave in an unreasonable way
impudent	rude; not showing respect for other people
devious	behaving in a dishonest or indirect way, or tricking people, in order to get something
staple	{[only before noun]} forming a basic, large or important part of something

Abschnitt 12

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
perpetrator	a person who commits a crime or does something that is wrong or evil
row	quarrel
cramped	a cramped room, etc. does not have enough space for the people in it
to savour	to enjoy the full taste or flavour of something, especially by eating or drinking it slowly
to pore over/scutinise	examine
dusk	the time of day when the light has almost gone, but it is not yet dark
to evict sb. from sth.	to force somebody to leave a house or land, especially when you have the legal right to do so
conscientious	taking care to do things carefully and correctly
sensible	able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion; practical
chide	to criticize or blame somebody because they have done something wrong
to scold	to speak angrily to somebody, especially a child, because they have done something wrong
invigorating <-->_enervating	to make somebody feel healthy and full of energy <-->_weak and tired
failing	a weakness or fault in somebody/something
opulent	luxurious, wealthy (of people)
benign	kind and gentle; not hurting anybody
malignant	having or showing a strong desire to harm somebody
overt	done in an open way and not secretly
haven	Zufluchtsort
confounding	confusing
arduous	involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time
prospect	the possibility that something will happen
trepidation	great worry or fear about something unpleasant that may happen
~	~	He knocked on the door with some trepidation.
superfluous	more than you need or want, unnecessary
swings and roundabouts	used to say that there are advantages and disadvantages whatever decision you make
to infer	to reach an opinion or decide that something is true on the basis of information that is available;, (sth) to suggest indirectly that something is true
~	~	It is reasonable to infer that the government knew about these deals.
~	~	Are you inferring (that) I'm not capable of doing the job?

Abschnitt 13

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
fad	something that people are interested in for only a short period of time, craze
integral	being an essential part of something
affluence	prosperity, wealth
bosom	a woman's chest or breasts
temerity	extremely confident behaviour that people are likely to consider rude
vantage	a position from which you watch something; a point in time or a situation from which you consider something, especially the past
salvage	the act of saving things that have been, or are likely to be, damaged or lost, especially in a disaster or an accident
rear	the back part of something, bottom
in the throes of doing sth.	in the middle of an activity, especially a difficult or complicated one
to enshrine	to make a law, right, etc. respected or official, especially by stating it in an important written document
to abjure	renounce, to promise publicly that you will give up or reject a belief or a way of behaving
unswerving	strong and not changing or becoming weaker
abdicate	to give up the position of being king or queen
dumbstruck/dumbfounded	unable to speak because of surprise
to tarnish sth.	1. to spoil the good opinion people have of somebody/something, 2. if metal tarnishes or something tarnishes it, it no longer looks bright and shiny
weary	very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing something for a long time
quaint	attractive in an unusual or old-fashioned way
petulant	bad-tempered and unreasonable, especially because you cannot do or have what you want
flummery	nonsense, especially praise that is silly or not sincere
defiance	open refusal to obey somebody/something
diffident	shy
affable	pleasant, friendly and easy to talk to
lest	1. in order to prevent something from happening, 2. used to introduce the reason for the particular emotion mentioned
~	~	Lest anyone should doubt my story, I have brought documents to attest to its truth.
~	~	He gripped his brother's arm lest he be trampled by the mob
~	~	She was afraid lest she had revealed too much.
to romp (+ adverb/preposition), romp home/to victory	to play in a happy and noisy way, to easily win a race or competition
be somebody's pigeon	to be somebody's responsibility or business

Abschnitt 14

tough	Deutsch	Deutsch: Satz
to meddle (in/with something)	interfere
to aggravate/exacerbate something / someone	worsen / irritate
chav	a young person, often without a high level of education, who follows a particular fashion
red herring	falsche Spur/Fährte
haphazard	with no particular order or plan; not organized well
to indict sb	to officially charge somebody with a crime
leer (at somebody)	to look or smile at somebody in an unpleasant way that shows an evil or sexual interest in them
to taper off	to become gradually less in number, amount, degree, etc
keep up with the Joneses	to try to have all the possessions and social achievements that your friends and neighbours have
to emulate sb	(formal) to try to do something as well as somebody else because you admire them
~	~	She hopes to emulate her sister's sporting achievements.
whimsical	unusual and not serious in a way that is either amusing or annoying
~	~	to have a whimsical sense of humour
~	~	Much of his writing has a whimsical quality.
to redress something	put right
to deplore something	to strongly disapprove of something and criticize it, especially publicly
succinct	expressed clearly and in a few words
pipe dream	a hope or plan that is impossible to achieve or not practical
rag	Lumpen, Fetzen
be in cahoots (with somebody)	to be planning or doing something dishonest with somebody else, be in collusion
to do sth. on a whim	etw. aus einer Laune heraus tun
shedload	A large amount or number.
scapegoat	sündenbock


to be on the cusp of sth.	an der Schwelle zu etw. stehen
to bullyrag	Treat (someone) in a scolding or intimidating way
piquant	exciting and interesting

Abschnitt 15

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
spin something (as something)	to present information or a situation in a particular way, especially one that makes you or your ideas seem good
diffident	shy
sordid	immoral or dishonest
belch	the action of letting air come up noisily from your stomach and out through your mouth
to poach (somebody/something) (from somebody/something)	to take and use somebody/something that belongs to somebody/something else, especially in a secret, dishonest or unfair way
transient	temporary, continuing for only a short time
menial	(usually disapproving) (of work) not skilled or important, and often boring or badly paid
to sulk	(disapproving) to look angry and refuse to speak or smile because you want people to know that you are upset about something
to squirm	to move around a lot making small twisting movements,_because you are nervous,_uncomfortable,_etc., to wriggle
to conflate (a with b)	to put two or more things together to make one new thing
to covet something	to want something very much, especially something that belongs to somebody else
to redact something	to remove information from a document because you do not want the public to see it
to faff about/around	to spend time doing things in a way that is not well organized and that does not achieve much
adoration	a feeling of great love or worship
wreckage	the parts of a vehicle, building, etc. that remain after it has been badly damaged or destroyed
whim	a sudden wish to do or have something, especially when it is something unusual or unnecessary
intricacies of sth.	the complicated parts or details of something
consternation	dismay, a worried, sad feeling after you have received an unpleasant surprise
endearing	lovable
dread	fear, nervous
revulsion/repugnance	a strong feeling of disgust or horror
dejection	Unhappiness
leniency	the fact of being less strict than expected when punishing somebody or when making sure that rules are obeyed
curator	a person whose job is to be in charge of the objects or works of art in a museum or an art gallery,_etc.
dumbing down	the process of making something less accurate or educational, and of worse quality, by trying to make it easier for people to understand

Abschnitt 16

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
to be dead set on	auf etw. erpicht sein, felsenfest vorhaben
hefty	(of a person or an object) big and heavy
fork out	(informal) to spend a lot of money on something, especially unwillingly
that really gets my goat	das regt mich auf
unwary	not cautious
inveterate	(of a person) always doing something or enjoying something, and unlikely to stop
discerning	able to show good judgement about the quality of somebody/something
fatigued	exhausted
intrepid	fearless
uncongenial	(of a person) not pleasant or friendly; not like yourself
enervate somebody	to make somebody feel weak and tired
dreary	dull
downcast/dejected	sad or depressed
to rough sth. out	to draw or write something without including all the details
kin	your family or your relatives
ceasefire/truce	a time when enemies agree to stop fighting, usually while a way is found to end the fighting permanently
busking	the activity of performing music in a public place and asking for money from people passing by
subversive	a person who tries to destroy or damage a government or political system by attacking it secretly or indirectly
inwardly	in your mind; secretly
bulge out	pop out
coiled	aufgerollt
glisten	to shine
unstinting	given or giving generously
morass/web	an unpleasant and complicated situation that is difficult to escape from
to endear	sich beliebt machen

Abschnitt 17

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
cutlery	knives, forks and spoons, used for eating and serving food
effeminacy	the quality in a man or boy of looking, behaving or sounding like a woman or a girl
fastidious	meticulous
permeate something	a belief that permeates all levels of society
shrewd/astute	clever at understanding and making judgements about a situation
regurgitate something	to bring food that has been swallowed back up into the mouth again, to repeat something you have heard or read without really thinking about it or understanding it
solemn	serious
put across	vermitteln
impending	imminent
to assert	to state clearly and firmly that something is true
solicitor	(British English) a lawyer who prepares legal documents, for example for the sale of land or buildings, advises people on legal matters, and can speak for them in some courts of law
sensuous	giving pleasure to your senses
tender	kind
luscious	delicious, rich
pulpy	soft and wet, especially as a result of being crushed, (of a book or magazine) containing subject matter of little value
wilting	to become weak or tired or less confident
foliage	the leaves of a tree or plant; leaves and branches together
fruition	the successful result of a plan, a process or an activity
transgression	an act that goes beyond the limits of what is morally or legally acceptable
prong	each of the two or more long pointed parts of a fork
tier	row or layer of something that has several rows or layers placed one above the other
spoon-fed	disapproving) to teach people something in a way that gives them too much help and does not make them think for themselves
on knife-edge	(of a situation,_etc.) finely balanced between success and failure, (of a person) very worried or anxious about the result of something
salver	a large plate, usually made of metal, on which drinks or food are served at a formal event
pane	a single sheet of glass in a window

Abschnitt 18

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
gust	a sudden strong increase in the amount and speed of wind that is blowing
~	~	A gust of wind blew his hat off.
speck	a very small spot;_a small piece of dirt,_etc.
vivacious	(especially of a woman) having a lively, attractive personality
complacency	a feeling of satisfaction with yourself or with a situation, so that you do not think any change is necessary
unobtrusive, <-->_obtrusive	not attracting unnecessary attention, <-->_noticeable in an unpleasant way
pervade/permeate	(formal) to spread through and be noticeable in every part of something
~	~	The entire house was pervaded by a sour smell.
trussed up	tied up
ensue	to happen after or as a result of another event, follow
lubricant	a substance, for example oil, that you put on surfaces or parts of a machine so that they move easily and smoothly
assimilate	to become, or allow somebody to become, a part of a country or community rather than remaining in a separate group
encapsulate sth.	formal) to express the most important parts of something in a few words, a small space or a single object; to sum up
hinge	a piece of metal, plastic, etc. on which a door, lid or gate moves freely as it opens or closes
innocuous	harmless
net-effect	nettoergebnis, endresultat
maelstrom	(literary) a situation full of strong emotions or confusing events, that is hard to control and makes you feel frightened
swirl	to move around quickly in a circle; to make something do this
shell out	to pay a lot of money for something
to pester/badger	to annoy somebody, especially by asking them something many times
teem	pour (rain)
to wade	to walk with an effort through something, especially water or mud
to unearth sth.	to dig up
to embellish sth.	decorate
uncharted	that has not been visited or investigated before; not familiar
awe-inspiring	impressive; making you feel respect and admiration
indistinct	vague, hazy

Abschnitt 19

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
dazzling	blinding
gratuitous	unnecessary
florid	(usually disapproving) having too much decoration or detail
fatuous	stupid
glaring	(of something bad) very easily seen, blatant
inscrutable	if a person or their expression is inscrutable, it is hard to know what they are thinking or feeling, because they do not show any emotion
amenity	a feature that makes a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in
boarded up	mit Brettern zugenagelt
commemorative	intended to help people remember and respect an important person or event in the past
// to thwart	frustrate
prevalent	common, widespread
annexea	a building that is added to, or is near, a larger one and that provides extra living or work space
latch on	(informal) to understand an idea or what somebody is saying, to become attached to somebody/something, to join somebody and stay in their company, especially when they would prefer you not to be with them, to develop a strong interest in something
unctuous	friendly or giving praise in a way that is not sincere and which is therefore unpleasant
incessant	constant
to compartmentalise	aufgliedern; unterteilen
audacity	nerve
pell-mell (old-fashioned)	very quickly and in a way that is not controlled
opacity	the fact of being difficult to understand; the fact of being opaque, opposite transparency
~	~	the opacity of the poet’s language
propensity	inclination
to declutter	to remove things that you do not use so that you have more space and can easily find things when you need them
endowment	a quality or an ability that you are born with
to enmesh	{[usually passive]} enmesh somebody/something (in something) (formal) to involve somebody/something in a bad situation that it is not easy to escape from
to reiterate	to repeat something that you have already said, especially to emphasize it
~	~	The government has reiterated its commitment to economic reform.
to ostracise sb.	to shun sb., to refuse to let somebody be a member of a social group; to refuse to meet or talk to somebody

Abschnitt 20

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
vacuous	showing no sign of intelligence or sensitive feelings
petulant	bad-tempered and unreasonable, especially because you cannot do or have what you want
high and dry	of a boat, etc.) in a position out of the water
touch-and-go	used to say that the result of a situation is uncertain and that there is a possibility that something bad or unpleasant will happen
~	~	She's fine now, but it was touch-and-go for a while (= there was a possibility that she might die).
the life and soul of the party,_etc.	(British English) the most amusing and interesting person at a party, etc
to make all the right noises	to say the things you are expected to say, sometimes when you do not mean them
to take issue	To take an opposing point of view;_disagree.
strike gold, strike a chord	to become rich, to cause someone to remember something;_to remind someone of something;_to be familiar.
have something burning a hole in your pocket	if someone has money burning a hole in their pocket, they want to spend it as soon as possible
burn the midnight oil	to stay up working, especially studying, late at night. (Alludes to working by the light of an oil lamp late in the night)
get your fingers burned/burnt	have st. go wrong
fiddling while Rome b urns	focusing on sth. trivial during a crisis
have money to burn	have lots of money
burn your bridges	take action which you cannot reverse
face the music	To accept the unpleasant consequences,_especially of one's own actions.
toe the line	do what is expected
deliver the goods, come up with the goods	to do what you have promised to do or what people expect or want you to
come in for something	to receive something, especially something unpleasant
~	~	The government's economic policies have come in for a lot of criticism.
a turn-up for the boooks	i never thought that..
turn of phrase	a distinctive spoken or written expression
toss and turn	to be unable to sleep because of worrying
cataract	a large steep waterfall
ubiquitous	seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time; very common
upshot	outcome
to winkle out sth	to get something/somebody out of a place or position, especially when this is not easy to do

Abschnitt 21

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
to veer	to swerve
conifer	any tree that produces hard dry fruit called cones. Most conifers are evergreen (= have leaves that stay on the tree all year).
curb something	to check sth
a foregone conclusion	if you say that something is a foregone conclusion, you mean that it is a result that is certain to happen
contravene	infringe
rickety	not strong or well made; likely to break
to scurry/scottle	to run with quick short steps
opinionated	having very strong opinions that you are not willing to change
to splash out	British English, informal) to spend a lot of money on something
any tree that produces hard dry fruit called cones. Most conifers are evergreen (= have leaves that stay on the tree all year).	conifer; coniferous
the most important part of a plan or argument that the other parts depend on	keystone; staple
reputable	respected
conservation	protection of environment
dismissive	disdainful; showing that you do not believe a person or thing to be important or worth considering
reputed	rumoured; generally thought to be something or to have done something, although this is not certain
take over/up the reins	to take control of something, especially an organization or a country:
to fret about sth	to be worried or unhappy and not able to relax
off the cuff	aus dem Stegreif
dreamboat	a man who is very attractive
to have a cob on sth	über etw. verärgert sein
pernicious	having a very harmful effect on somebody/something, especially in a way that is gradual and not easily noticed
avarice	greed; extreme desire for wealth
penchant	fodness
denouement	the end of a play, book, etc., in which everything is explained or settled; the end result of a situation
to mar	to damage or spoil something good; blight, ruin

Abschnitt 22

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
to engender sth	to make a feeling or situation exist
done and dusted	(British English,_informal) completely finished
ensnare somebody/something	to trap
pliable	flexible
mitigation, in mitigation	a reduction in how unpleasant, serious, etc. something is, (law) with the aim of making a crime seem less serious or easier to forgive
insular	(disapproving) only interested in your own country, ideas, etc. and not in those from outside
to go off / leave in a huff	beleidigt abziehen
to shoe-horn	einpassen
penance	something that you have to do even though you do not like doing it
tenacious	persistent
to bludgeon, ˈblʌdʒən	to force somebody to do something, especially by arguing with them
flagrant	shocking because it is done in a very obvious way and shows no respect for people,_laws,_etc., blatant
wedgie	an act of lifting somebody up by his/her underwear, usually done as a joke
panache, pəˈnæʃ	flair; style
madcap	reckless
recalcitrant	unwilling to obey rules or follow instructions; difficult to control
Rosie the Riveter	the name used in the US to refer to any American woman who worked in factories to help the war effort during World War II. A riveter fixes sheets of metal together with thick metal pins. The name was used as the title of a popular song,_and a real riveter,_called Rose Monroe,_was chosen for a famous poster (= large printed notice) which showed a woman worker saying,_‘We can do it!
lechery	the fact of always thinking about sex and looking for sexual pleasure
obtuse	slow or unwilling to understand something
besotted by/with sth	loving somebody/something so much that you do not behave in a sensible way
conjecture	guess
painstaking	meticulous
wretched	terrible
rustle	whisper
denouement	the end result

Abschnitt 23

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
penchant	fondness
jaundiced	tainted; prejudiced
heady	thrilling; intoxicating
to yearn	to long for
to tinge	to color
derisive	ridiculing
apathetic	indifferent
ingenuous	honest
defenestration	the act of throwing someone or something out of a window
auspicious <->_inauspicious	promising
epitome	a perfect example of something, embodiment
smidgen	a small piece or amount of something
salient	most important or noticeable
galling	(of a situation or fact) making you angry because it is unfair
rapacious (formal,_disapproving)	wanting more money or goods than you need or have a right to, grasping
caress sth/sb	to touch somebody/something gently, especially in a sexual way or in a way that shows affection
gossamer	(literary) any very light delicate material
sagacious	wise
noose	a circle that is tied in one end of a rope with a knot that allows the circle to get smaller as the other end of the rope is pulled
gallows	a structure on which people, for example criminals, are killed by hanging
expedient	an action that is useful or necessary for a particular purpose, but not always fair or right
pearl necklace	the glorious culmination of tit-fucking,_in which you blow your nuts out all over a girl's tits,_shoulders,_neck,_and,_with any luck,_chin. one of the highest expressions of love and affection bestowable upon a woman by a man.
to surcease	ablassen/nachlassen
of yore (old use or literary)	long ago
obeisance	respect for somebody/something or willingness to obey somebody

Abschnitt 24

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
beguiling	attractive and interesting but sometimes mysterious or trying to trick you
craven (formal,_disapproving)	lacking courage, cowardly
laden (literary)	full of something, especially something unpleasant
sheepish	looking or feeling embarrassed because you have done something silly or wrong, shamefaced
stridency	the quality of being aggressive and determined
plebiscite	referendum
derision	scorn
to filibuster	to make a long speech in parliament in order to delay a vote
swastika	Hakenkreuz
simple past: hang	hung: things, hanged: people
contend that.., contend for sth.	maintain, to compete against sb in order to gain sth
to abrogate	(specialist) to officially end a law,_an agreement,_etc., repeal
to wane	decrease, fade
forlorn	(of a person) appearing lonely and unhappy
dissipation	he act of wasting money or spending money until there is none left
déshabillé	the state of wearing no clothes or very few clothes
to defray costs (formal)	to give somebody back the money that they have spent on something
a millstone around/round your neck	a difficult problem or responsibility that it seems impossible to solve or get rid of
hermit	a person who, usually for religious reasons, lives a very simple life alone and does not meet or talk to other people
to appal	horrify
to usurp sth/sb (formal)	to take somebody’s position and/or power without having the right to do this
evince something (formal)	to show clearly that you have a feeling or quality
menopause	the time during which a woman gradually stops menstruating, usually at around the age of 50
fluke	a lucky or unusual thing that happens by accident, not because of planning or skill
doxology	in Christian worship, a short text that can be sung which praises God

Abschnitt 25

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
paunch	a fat stomach on a man
recluse	a person who lives alone and likes to avoid other people
mishap	a small accident or piece of bad luck that does not have serious results
to vindicate (formal)	justify
candour , adj.: candid	frankness
consternation	dismay
impertinent	impolite
vice	Schraubstock, criminal activities that involve sex or drugs
~	~	The film ended most satisfactorily: vice punished and virtue rewarded.
chivalrous	(of men) polite, kind and behaving with honour, especially towards women, gallant
unalloyed (formal)	pure
convoluted	extremely complicated and difficult to follow, (formal) having many twists or curves
covetous (formal)	having a strong desire for the things that other people have
purge	he act of removing people, often violently, from an organization because their views are unacceptable to the people who have power
to disconcert	disturb
confluence	formal) the fact of two or more things becoming one
~	~	a confluence of social factors
(coat) peg	a short piece of wood,_metal or plastic used for holding things together,_hanging things on,_marking a position,_etc.
inconspicuous	not attracting attention; not easy to notice
pedigree	a person’s family history or the background of something, especially when this is impressive
blag something (British English,_informal)	to persuade somebody to give you something, or to let you do something, by talking to them in a clever or amusing way
~	~	We blagged our way into the reception by saying that we were from the press.
curfew	a law which says that people must not go outside after a particular time at night until the morning; the time after which nobody must go outside
oscillate (between A and B) (formal)	to keep changing from one extreme of feeling or behaviour to another, and back again, swing
~	~	Her moods oscillated between depression and elation.
painstaking	thorough
conjecture	guess
to rebuke / reprimand	the act of speaking severely to somebody because they have done something wrong
veneer (of something) (formal)	an outer appearance of a particular quality that hides the true nature of somebody/something

Abschnitt 26

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
cogent	convincing
indigenous	native
gerrymander	to change the size and borders of an area for voting in order to give an unfair advantage to one party in an election
wrought something	(formal or literary) (used only in the past tense) caused something to happen, especially a change
hoarse	(of a person or voice) sounding rough and unpleasant, especially because of a sore throat
~	~	a hoarse cough/cry/scream
beguile (formal)	1. to trick somebody into doing something, especially by being nice to them, 2. to attract or interest somebody
~	~	He was beguiled by her beauty.
~	~	She beguiled them into believing her version of events.
posterity	all the people who will live in the future
infirmity	weakness or illness over a long period
to console	comfort
profane (formal)	having or showing a lack of respect for God or holy things
tacit {[noun]}	that is suggested indirectly or understood, rather than said in words
~	~	tacit approval/support/knowledge
soothsayer	a person who is believed to be able to tell what will happen in the future
lief (old use)	willingly; happily
coronet	a round decoration for the head, especially one made of flowers
ephemeral (formal)	short-lived
rapture (formal)	delight
elation	a feeling of great happiness and excitement
courtesy	politeness, exchange pleseantries = courtesy
pertinacious (formal)	determined to achieve a particular aim despite difficulties or opposition
vagaries (formal)	changes in somebody/something that are difficult to predict or control
prolix (formal)	(of writing,_a speech,_etc.) using too many words and therefore boring
eavesdrop (on somebody/something)	to listen secretly to what other people are saying
to bludgeon	to hit somebody several times with a heavy object
nostrum	formal, disapproving) an idea that is intended to solve a problem but that will probably not succeed
ham-fisted	clumsy

Abschnitt 27

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz	Deutsch: Satz	Zusatz
IV	intravenous
bountiful	1. generous, 2. in large quantities; large
to affiliate yourself with sth	to join, to be connected with, or to work for an organization
dandruff	very small pieces of dead skin, seen as a white dust in a person’s hair
to consign sb to sth (formal)	to put somebody/something in an unpleasant situation
perdition	punishment that lasts for ever after death
to cajole	to make somebody do something by talking to them and being very nice to them, coax
pulpit	a small platform in a church that is like a box and is high above the ground, where a priest, etc. stands to speak to the people
pauper (old use)	a very poor person
gale	an extremely strong wind
indignant	feeling or showing anger and surprise because you think that you have been treated unfairly, -->_angry; annoyed, furious, heated
usurp sb/sth (formal)	to take somebody’s position and/or power without having the right to do this
evince something (formal)	to show clearly that you have a feeling or quality
mishap	small accident or piece of bad luck that does not have serious results
in rente gehen	to take retirement
See You Next Tuesday, thursday? what about thursday?	cunt, twat
ebullience	the quality of being full of confidence, energy and good humour
to be an item	pärchen sein
to bifurcate	(of roads,_rivers,_etc.) to divide into two separate parts
capricious	unpredictable
ingenuity	inventiveness
copious	in large amounts
to dissipate/squander sth.	to waste something, such as time or money, especially by not planning the best way of using it
to bequeath	to say in a will that you want somebody to have your property, money, etc. after you die, leave
to bamboozle sb	to confuse somebody, especially by tricking them

Abschnitt 28

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
pedlar	a person who in the past travelled from place to place trying to sell small objects
to obviate/preclude sth	to remove a problem or the need for something
a cog in the machine/wheel	(informal) a person who is a small part of a large organization
He who sups with the devil should have a long spoon	A warning not to get too close when dealing with evil people.
to harangue sb	to speak loudly and angrily in a way that criticizes somebody/something or tries to persuade people to do something
to appease sb	to make somebody calmer or less angry by giving them what they want
~	~	The move was widely seen as an attempt to appease critics of the regime.
tawdry	intended to be bright and attractive but cheap and of low quality
no man is an island	No one is self-sufficient;_everyone relies on others. This saying comes from a sermon by the seventeenth-century English author John Donne.
paternalistic	(of a government or an employer) protecting the people who are governed or employed by providing them with what they need, but not giving them any responsibility or freedom of choice
fragrance	a pleasant smell
mellow	soft, rich and pleasant
underdog	a person,_team,_country,_etc. that is thought to be in a weaker position than others and therefore not likely to be successful,_win a competition,_etc.
despondency	a feeling of being sad and without much hope
to wield sth, to brandish sth	to have and use power,_authority,_etc., to hold something, ready to use it as a weapon or tool
~	~	He was wielding a large knife.
~	~	She wields enormous power within the party.
asinine	ridiculous
demarcation	border or line seperating 2 things
bemused	bewildered; showing that you are confused and unable to think clearly
pandemonium	chaos
precipitous	hasty (spanish), abrupt
sage	a very wise person
roster	a list of people’s names and the jobs that they have to do at a particular time
on the dole (BrE coll.)	auf Stütze lebend
cocksure	confident in a way that is annoying to other people and that they might find offensive
leave somebody in the lurch	(informal) to fail to help somebody when they are relying on you to do so.
unadulterated/undiluted	{[usually before noun]} you use unadulterated to emphasize that something is complete or total, pure
~	~	For me, the holiday was sheer unadulterated pleasure.

Abschnitt 29

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
cumbersome	bulky
dowry ˈdaʊri/	money and/or property that, in some societies, a wife or her family must pay to her husband when they get married
amenable	(of people) easy to control; willing to be influenced by somebody/something
mutiny	the act of refusing to obey the orders of somebody in authority, especially by soldiers or sailors
~	~	Discontent among the ship's crew finally led to the outbreak of mutiny.
salacious	(of stories,_pictures,_etc.) encouraging sexual desire or containing too much sexual detail
dilapidated/ramshackle	(of furniture and buildings) old and in very bad condition
dressing gown	bademantel
take umbrage (at something)	to feel offended, insulted or upset by something, often without a good reason
gargoyle	an ugly figure of a person or an animal that is made of stone and through which water is carried away from the roof of a building, especially a church, ;; Wasserspeiher
insouciance ɪnˈsuːsiəns	nonchalance
to peruse sth	to read something, especially in a careful way
overzealous ˌəʊvəˈzeləs	showing too much energy or enthusiasm
subterfuge ˈsʌbtəfjuːdʒ	a secret, usually dishonest, way of behaving
to elope	to run away with somebody in order to marry them secretly
verdant	(of grass,_plants,_fields,_etc.) fresh and green
verve	energy, excitement or enthusiasm ;; gusto
athwart	across; from one side to the other
dyke	taboo, slang) a word for a lesbian, that is usually offensive
inclement	(of the weather) not pleasant;_cold,_wet,_etc.
furrow ˈfʌrəʊ	a deep line in the skin of the face
~	~	Suddenly he looked tired and there were deep furrows in his brow.
to fester	(of a wound or cut) to become badly infected, (of bad feelings or thoughts) to become much worse because you do not deal with them successfully
to wrench	jerk; twist
brazen	shameless
exuberant	full of energy, excitement and happiness
subcutaneous ˌsʌbkjuˈteɪniəs	under the skin

Abschnitt 30

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
pallor	pale colouring of the face, especially because of illness or fear
~	~	Her cheeks had an unhealthy pallor.
~	~	the deathly pallor of her face
conducive	making it easy, possible or likely for something to happen
demure	modest
wry {[noun]}	1. showing that you are both amused and disappointed or annoyed, 2. amusing in a way that shows irony
~	~	‘At least we got one vote,’ she said with a wry smile.
~	~	He pulled a wry face when I asked him how it had gone.
~	~	a wry comedy about family life
to prance	to move quickly with exaggerated steps so that people will look at you
effusive	showing much or too much emotion
exasperating	infuriating; superannoying
acrid/pungent	having a strong, bitter smell or taste that is unpleasant
to blare	to make a loud unpleasant noise
orifice	a hole or opening, especially one in the body
~	~	the nasal orifice
abreast	next to somebody/something and facing the same way
fervent/ardent	passionate;; aving or showing very strong and sincere feelings about something
placid	calm and peaceful, with very little movement; tranquil
to falter	to become weaker or less effective; waver
vestige	trace
to kowtow	to show somebody in authority too much respect and be too willing to obey them
to goad	to keep irritating or annoying somebody/something until they react
volatile	unstable
livid	furious
sagacity	wisdom
scallywag	tunichtgut, taugenichts
convalescence	a period of time when you get well again after an illness or a medical operation; the process of getting well
tentatively	hesitantly
clamour (esp. US)	(formal) to demand something loudly
take something at face value	to believe that something is what it appears to be, without questioning it

Abschnitt 31

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
to capitulate	give in to sth.; yield; surrender
dissident	strongly disagreeing with and criticizing your government, especially in a country where this kind of action is dangerous
decorum	propriety
concession	sth. that you allow or do, or allow sb to have, in order to end an argument or to make a stiuation less difficult
calamity	disaster
to scavenge	to search through waste for things that can be used or eaten
lead (RP)	leesh
garret	room, often small+dark+unpleasent, at the top of a house
chump	stupid person
desolate	forlorn
scrumptious (inf.)	delicious
to somersault	to turn over completely in the air
~	~	The car hit the kerb and somersaulted into the air
ineffable (formal)	too great or beautiful to describe in words
emissary	envoy
parcel (BrE)	package
to jettison	discard, abandon
insidious	spreading gradually or without being noticed but causeing serious harm
~	~	the insidious effects of polluted water
philanthropy	practice of helping the poor and those in need, especially by giving money
caprice	whim
assent (formal)	official agreement to or approval of sth
~	~	He nodded his assent
if you're going to be a bear,_be a grizzly!	wenn scho, denn scho
trafficers	Schlepper
harrowing	very shocking or frightening and making you feel very upset
to foment /fəʊˈment/	o create trouble or violence or make it worse; incite
pernicious	having a very harmful effect on somebody/something, especially in a way that is gradual and not easily noticed

Abschnitt 32

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
to reprimand	to tell somebody officially that you do not approve of them or their actions; to rebuke
conniving	behaving in a way that secretly hurts others or deliberately fails to prevent others from being hurt
to proselytise	to try to persuade other people to accept your beliefs, especially about religion or politics
proclivity	propensity
panacea /ˌpænəˈsiːə/	something that will solve all the problems of a particular situation
residue	the part of the money, property, etc. of a person who has died that remains after all the debts, gifts, etc. have been paid
exemption	a part of your income that you do not have to pay tax on
~	~	a tax exemption on money donated to charity
synergy	the extra energy, power, success, etc. that is achieved by two or more people, companies or elements working together, instead of on their own
jaded	tired and bored, usually because you have had too much of something
gluttony	the habit of eating and drinking too much
sojourn (literary)	a temporary stay in a place away from your home
debauchery /dɪˈbɔːtʃəri/	immoral behaviour involving sex, alcohol or drugs
banter	friendly remarks and jokes
contemporaneous	happening or existing at the same time; contemporary
caveat	a warning that particular things need to be considered before something can be done
hardship	a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money,_food,_clothes,_etc.
wistful	thinking sadly about something that you would like to have, especially something in the past that you can no longer have
~	~	There was something rather wistful about the sad little tune.
venial	(of a sin or mistake) not very serious and therefore able to be forgiven
to egg on	(informal) to encourage somebody to do something, especially something that they should not do
to make a mountain out of a molehill	mücke elephant
to tether	to tie an animal to a post so that it cannot move very far
commandeer something	o take control of a building, a vehicle, etc. for military purposes during a war, or by force for your own use
to mollify/placate	to make somebody feel less angry or upset
grasp the nettle	To take on a difficult problem directly and energetically.
emphatically	in a very clear way that involves speaking with force
~	~	Certainly not,’ he replied emphatically.

Abschnitt 33

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
concerted	done in a planned and determined way,_especially by more than one person,_government,_country,_etc.
~	~	a concerted approach/attack/campaign
every nook and cranny//, nook	every part of a place; every aspect of a situation//; a small quiet place or corner that is sheltered or hidden from other people
carnality	Sinnlichkeit, Fleischeslust
barrage ˈbærɑːʒ	the continuous firing of a large number of guns in a particular direction, especially to protect soldiers while they are attacking or moving towards the enemy
~	~	an artillery barrage from at least 1 000 guns
coquettish	(of a woman's behaviour) intended to attract men, flirtatious
to push the envelope	bis an die Grenze gehen
visceral	literary) resulting from strong feelings rather than careful thought
~	~	visceral fear
conceit	(disapproving) too much pride in yourself and what you do
~	~	I can say without conceit that I have talent.
adamant	determined not to change your mind or to be persuaded about something
~	~	determined not to change your mind or to be persuaded about something
aberrant, æˈberənt	not usual or not socially acceptable
~	~	aberrant behaviour
to wallow in	to enjoy something that causes you pleasure
~	~	to wallow in despair/self-pity
to bawl, bɔːl	to shout loudly, especially in an unpleasant or angry way
hook, line, and sinker	totally
~	~	She fell for our story hook, line, and sinker. They believed every word hook, line, and sinker.
to pester	to badger
none the wiser	so klug wie zuvor
how long is a piece of string	Used as a response to a question such as "How long will it take?" or "How big is it?" when the length or size is unknown,_infinite,_or variable.
philandering	(of a man) having sexual relationships with many different women
prescient	knowing or appearing to know about things before they happen
~	~	prescient warnings
fervent	having or showing very strong and sincere feelings about something, ardent
derisory	too small or of too little value to be considered seriously, laughable
to disavow sth	to state publicly that you have no knowledge of something or that you are not responsible for something/somebody
~	~	They disavowed claims of a split in the party.
chortle	an act of laughing loudly with pleasure or because you are amused
pundit	expert
dally (old-fasioned)	o do something too slowly; to take too much time making a decision
barren	infertile

Abschnitt 34

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
ruse	rick
sumptuous	very expensive and looking very impressive
Dutch courage	the false courage or confidence that a person gets from drinking alcohol
vernacular	(of language) spoken in a particular area or by a particular group, especially when it is not the official or written language; using a vernacular language
~	~	English vernacular poetry
to pull no punches	mit harten Bandagen kämpfen
endemic	regularly found in a particular place or among a particular group of people and difficult to get rid of
~	~	Malaria is endemic in many hot countries.
nadir (ˈneɪdɪə	the worst moment of a particular situation
~	~	the nadir of his career
litany of sth	a long boring account of a series of events,_reasons,_etc.
~	~	a litany of complaints
agog	excited and very interested to find out something
emulsion	any mixture of liquids that do not normally mix together, such as oil and water
venerable	people or things deserve respect because they are old, important, wise, etc
~	~	a venerable old man
desultory	going from one thing to another, without a definite plan and without enthusiasm
~	~	I wandered about in a desultory fashion.
torpid	lethargic
fretful	restless
raucous	sounding loud and rough
soporific	making you want to go to sleep
to swelter	to be very hot in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable
lavish	extravagant, luxurious
haughty	arrogant
imperious	expecting people to obey you and treating them as if they are not as important as you
goody two shoes	a person who always does everything right and always follows the rules,_so much so that it becomes annoying.
to put /throw a spanner in the works	sand ins getriebe streuen
fly off a tangent	(informal) to suddenly start saying or doing something that does not seem to be connected to what has gone before
tacit	hat is suggested indirectly or understood, rather than said in words
~	~	By tacit agreement, the subject was never mentioned again.
dishevelled	(of hair,_clothes or somebody’s general appearance) very untidy, unkempt

Abschnitt 35

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
at somebody’s behest	(old use or formal) because somebody has ordered or requested it
~	~	at the King’s behest/at the behest of the King
stampede /stæmˈpiːd/	a situation in which a lot of people are trying to do or achieve the same thing at the same time
~	~	Falling interest rates has led to a stampede to buy property.
in lieu (of something)	instead of
bland	nondescript (little colour,_excitement or interest)
docile	quiet and easy to control
distraught	extremely upset and anxious so that you cannot think clearly
desperation	state of being desperate
raise/up the ante (änti)	to increase the level of sth, especially demands or sums of money
put that in your pipe and smoke it	schreib dir das hinter die ohren
to put something on the back burner	on hold or suspended temporarily
regal	royal
jovial	very cheerful and friendly
to fend for yourself	to take care of yourself without help from anyone else
unrequited	(of love) not returned by the person that you love
public school	BE private school, US free local school paid for by government
vapid	dull
prosaic	unimaginative; mundane
heyday	prime
~	~	In its heyday, the company ran trains every fifteen minutes.
to allay sth	to make something, especially a feeling, less strong
~	~	to allay fears/concern/suspicion
dappled	marked with spots of colour or shade
obstinate	stubborn
heirloom	valuable object that has belonged to the same family for many years
devilment/devilry	mischief; wild behaviour that causes trouble
good riddance	an unkind way of saying that you are pleased that sb/sth has gone
to fetter	(literary) to restrict sbs freedom to do what they want, shackle sb

Abschnitt 36

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
liege	a king or lord
forfeit	sth that a person has to pay or sth that is taken from them because they have done sth wrong
beacon	a light that is placed somewhere to guide vehicles and warn them of danger
~	~	a beacon of hope
caught red-handed	eiskalt erwischt
to jumble something up	to mix things together in a confused or untidy way
murky	cloudy, (of people’s actions or character) not clearly known and suspected of not being honest
freewheeling	not concerned about rules or the possible results of what you do
to grapple with sth	to try hard to find a solution to a problem
herald something	to be a sign that something is going to happen
~	~	These talks could herald a new era of peace.
to pontificate	Express one’s opinions in a pompous and dogmatic way:
logjam	a difficult situation in which you cannot make progress easily because there are too many things to do, bottleneck
wear one's heart on one's sleeve and have one's heart on one's sleeve	to display one's feelings openly and habitually, rather than keep them private
miscellaneous	gemischt
sedentary	of people) spending a lot of time sitting down and not moving
tomboy	a young girl who enjoys activities and games that are traditionally considered to be for boys
to add insult to injury	das Ganze (nur) noch schlimmer machen
gaffe	faux pas
crooked	not in a straight line; bent or twisted, not straight
truancy	the practice of staying away from school without permission
to succumb	unterliegen
to apprise	to give notice to
to expedite	To speed up the progress of or execute quickly
whinger	a person who complains a lot in an annoying way
lackluster	not interesting or exciting; dull
quiver	a case for carrying arrows

Abschnitt 37

tough	Deutsch	tough: Satz
to ruffle someones feathers	to do something to cause confusion,_agitation,_irritation or annoyance in that person.
put one's oar in	Interfere with something or insert one's opinion,_as in I'll thank you not to put your oar in when we're discussing a private matter.
Keep your hair on	Ruhig Blut! {[Idiom]}
lynchpin	Dreh- und Angelpunkt {m} {[fig.]}
One can take a leaf out of his book.idiom	eine Scheibe abschneiden
dogsbody	a person who does all the boring jobs that nobody else wants to do, and who is treated as being less important than other people
furnace, /ˈfɜːnɪs/	a space surrounded on all sides by walls and a roof for heating metal or glass to very high temperatures
to bite the bullet	in den sauren Apfel beißen
set-to	Disput, Wortgefächt
go the whole hog	To do something as entirely or completely as possible;_to reserve or hold back nothing.
~	~	If you can afford a new computer, you might as well go the whole hog and get it custom built.
cave in (to someone or something)	Fig. to give in to someone or something.
yank one's chain	to fool or kid someone; to pull a fast one
deride sth/sb	to treat somebody/something as ridiculous and not worth considering seriously; mock

DEU:Englisch:toughies

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